CCD versus CMOS Today

We’ve analyzed recent measurement data from cutting-edge industrial CCD and CMOS image sensors, focusing on sensitivity, low-light performance, and MTF (Modulation Transfer Function). These results highlight significant advancements in CMOS technology, explaining why CMOS cameras are increasingly replacing traditional CCD models even in high-performance applications.

The graph below compares the sensitivity (QE/Dark Noise) of two sensors at two temperatures: room temperature and a higher setting. The data shows that the CMOS sensor (Sony IMX174) outperforms the CCD sensor (Sony ICX674) across all wavelengths. Additionally, performance degrades at elevated temperatures as expected.

To illustrate low-light capabilities, we captured real-time Full HD video at 60 frames per second from both a CCD and CMOS camera using the same sensors referenced earlier. At 0.3 Lux—a benchmark example—the images demonstrate relative performance, though actual limits may vary with monochrome sensors or uncooled systems operating near room temperature.

MTF measures image sharpness through interaction between lens design and sensor characteristics. The Sony IMX174 CMOS sensor employs deep trench isolation (DTI) alongside larger pixels to deliver superior MTF in the NIR range, eclipsing even the ICX674 CCD—which has long been considered a benchmark for performance.

Looking ahead, we anticipate further enhancements with CMOS global shutters improving low-light capture. While Sony leads this space, competition from other developers will likely drive innovation across niches where specialized sensors offer unique advantages.

Last Updated: 2025-09-04 20:30:26